Seleccionando fluidos de trabajo en ciclos Rankine para generación de energía a partir de fuentes de calor de baja temperatura (2023)

This paper presents a thermodynamic study carried out on the use of low-temperature heat sources for power generation through a subcritical Rankine cycle with organic working fluids. An analysis of the state of the art of this technology shows the selection of the working fluid as an open research line, since until now there is no fluid that can meet all environmental and technical aspects to be considered in these cycles. Hence, we have developed a series of simulations that allow us to study the behavior of the Rankine cycle with different configurations and fluids (wet, dry and isentropic) which has led us to observe the influence on the overall cycle efficiency when we change the type of fluids used (refrigerants, hydrocarbons and water) as well as the conditions of temperature, pressure, flow, etc. With the work realized, the viability of this type of processes is demonstrated for the recovery of heat in industry and/or the use of renewable sources of low and medium temperature for the production of electricity.

Este trabajo presenta un estudio termodinámico realizado sobre el uso de fuentes de calor de baja temperatura para la generación de energía a través de un ciclo Rankine subcrítico con fluidos de trabajo orgánicos. Un análisis del estado del arte de esta tecnología muestra como línea de investigación abierta, la selección del fluido de trabajo, pues hasta ahora, no existe un fluido que satisfaga todos los aspectos medioambientales y técnicos a tener en cuenta en estos ciclos. Por ello, se ha desarrollado una serie de simulaciones que permiten estudiar el comportamiento del ciclo Rankine con diferentes configuraciones y fluidos (húmedo, seco e isoentrópico), permitiendo con ello observar de qué manera influyen cambios tanto en esos tipos de fluidos utilizados (refrigerantes, hidrocarburos y agua), como de condiciones de temperatura, presión, flujo, etc., sobre la eficiencia total del ciclo. Con el trabajo realizado se demuestra la viabilidad de este tipo de proceso en la recuperación de calores en la industria y/o aprovechamiento de fuentes renovables de baja y media temperatura para la producción de energía eléctrica.

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